Author: PhD. Mariana BĂLAN

 Abstract. The weight of youths not in employment, education or training systems (the so-called NEET rate) in total youth population is a relatively new indicator, to which increasing more importance is attributed by international organisations and mass-media. The popularity of the NEET concept is associated with its potential to approach a wide range of vulnerabilities among youths, touching upon issues related to unemployment, early school-leaving and low insertion degree on the labour market. At EU-27(28) level, in 2015, 6.8 million youths with ages between 15 and 24 years were not involved in any form of education or training, nor employed, this meaning about 1 out of 5 youths. The main factors generating the NEET phenomenon are the low level of education, origins and/or residence in isolated areas, belonging to low income families, unemployed parents, or parents with low educational levels or the coming from a disorganised family, the existence of a disability, or being an immigrant. In Romania, in the year 2015, from a total of 3.615 million youths with ages between 15 and 24 years of age, 18.1% were not participating in any form of education, nor employed. Regarding the low insertion degree of youths on the labour market, multiple causes can be counted but the lack of experience and specific competences among young graduates irrespective of the educational form is one of the most frequent reasons mentioned at the level of employers in choosing their employees. The comparative analysis of the NEET rate values in Romania and in the other countries of the EU shows that our country has one of the highest values for this indicator, which places Romania in 2015 on the fourths position in the hierarchy in the member-states (after Italy by 21.4%, Bulgaria by 19.3%, and Croatia by 18.5%). In order to provide for youths actual protection, adequate to the transition process from school to work, and for diminishing early school-leaving at EU-level were elaborated social policies that refer to the social inclusion of vulnerable groups, in general, and of the NEET category, in particular.
The paper presents a brief comparative analysis of the size and structure of the NEET youths group from Romania in relation to other member-states,and of the main programmatic documents at European Union level and in Romania having as objective the social inclusion of this segment of youths.

Keywords: NEET youth, unemployment, social protection, vulnerability.

Author: Corina Maria ENE

Abstract: Behavioral finance is an area to which is attached an increasingly higher importance due to the increased complexity of current context. It has been demonstrated that when analysts build or revise their estimates, there is a tendency to anchor expectations in past events, displaying a conservative attitude, when it is necessary to adapt to new circumstances. The same thing also happens, when it comes to investors, who fail to incorporate wholly new information about various situations, remaining anchored in the past and having a tendency to underrate the new information.
From a behavioral perspective, failure to purchase could be caused by the status quo error, by aversion to regret, paralysis of choice, the existence of too much information, the hope that the price will return to a lower previous value or by the regret not to have bought sooner. Similarly, the failure to sell may be due to error of status quo, aversion to regret, too high information volume, the endowment effect, recent memories persistence or desire not to sell at a loss. So, we notice that a proper identification of behavioral abnormalities shown by an investor may be relevant in explaining his behavior, which viewed globally, at the level of all investors, determine the capital market anomalies.

Keywords: Behavioral finance, cognitive anomalies, herd effect, investment behavior, mood effect, risk, portfolio, theory of prospectus. JEL classification: G40, G41.

Author: Cornelia DUMITRU

Abstract: The time horizon 2020 is still uncertain regarding economicfinancial developments at world and European Union level, as waves of migration, Brexit, and other (still unforeseeable) events could threaten the slow growth rate achieved in the first post-crisis years. Brexit may be interpreted at different policy and analysis levels. The decoupling from the common European process might be resumed to a few main topics regarding economic growth concerns, trade, and employment issues to which were added the explosive increase of immigrants in the country, and the EU red tape that seems to have but added reasons. Some negative predominant factors are the increasing loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector at national and especially at regional level. From 72.6% in 2008 at the outbreak of the crisis, a decrease to 70.3% in the peak year of the Great Recession, and an increase to 73.7% in 2015 [1]; increasing disparities between the regions in Great Britain; increase of immigration waves from countries not regarded as traditional immigration sources etc.
Employment growth is one of the issues of outmost concern because of the direct link existing between jobs’ polarization and the economic turnaround without the creation of new workplaces. In this context, new and innovative approaches are required, both for labor market as a whole, and employment.
The present paper intends a brief analysis of the three main axes in this respect. The identification of the ‘critical’ industrial sectors for mediumand long-term employment; the path for better adjustment of educational and vocational training systems to actual labor market demands; and a short review of institutional frameworks at national and European level for ensuring full- and inclusive employment.

Keywords: economic growth, employment, unemployment, labor market, institutional frameworks. JEL Classification: E24, I24, I39, J48, O40.

Author: Andrei Mihai CRISTEA

Abstract: The cost, in its various forms, is an independent variable which exerts direct or indirect influence on a broad range of economic measures, as profit, price, demand, supply, etc. This is precisely the reason why cost behavior analysis represents a particularly important instrument, vital even in managerial decision-making in the area of planning and control.

Keywords: Cost optimization, optimizing process, cost management, management accounting.

Author: Andrei-Emil MOISE

Abstract. Present paper tends to convey a study regarding communication and it’s most important role in adapting public and private sectors of economy to the best interest of the citizens. The continuous dialogue between the two mechanisms is interactive and cannot be solved. This dialogue covers a wide range of issues, from the mere exchange of views, to the creation of a complex device that allows the evaluation of one mechanism by the other and to analyze the complementarity between them in terms of policies implemented by each. Dialogue allows not only an exchange of ideas between the actors involved in the act of communication. Dialogue between the state and the private sector can favor the adoption of "good policies" as regards the welfare of the majority.

Keywords: Communication, Public, Private, Economy, Public policies.